Tethered implantable device having a vortical intracardiac velocity adjusting balloon

ABSTRACT

An implant system for restoring and improving physiological intracardiac flow in a human heart is provided including an expandable balloon defining a fluid reservoir for positioning in a chamber of the human heart; a therapeutic apical base plate assembly attachable to the apex of the heart; and a tether assembly connected between the implant and the therapeutic apical base plate assembly.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit under 35 USC § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 62/509,905 and 62/509,976 filed May 23, 2017, which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to an implant within a human heart for restoring and improving physiologic intracardiac flow having a vortical intracardiac velocity adjusting balloon.

SUMMARY

An implant system for restoring and improving physiological intracardiac flow in a human heart is provided including an expandable balloon defining a fluid reservoir for positioning in the ventricle of the human heart; a therapeutic apical base plate assembly attachable to the apex of the heart; and a tether assembly connected between the implant and the therapeutic apical base plate assembly.

In some embodiments, the balloon is adjustable axially and latitudinally. In some embodiments, the balloon defines a concave shape, a convex shape, or another shape at the distal portion thereof. In some embodiments, the balloon includes a balloon within a balloon configuration. The balloon can be adjustable. The balloon can be asymmetric or symmetric.

In some embodiments, the balloon restores the intra-ventricular elliptical shape of a dysfunctional ventricle. The balloon defines a volume and includes an outer surface to firmly contact the ventricular endocardium.

In some embodiments, the balloon is shape compliant to form to any shape within the atrium, the ventricle, or other existing spaces to include the apical endocardium or the left atrial appendage.

In some embodiments, the balloon includes an outer material to promote endothelization and minimize thrombogenicity. The material can detachable from the balloon.

In some embodiments, the tether includes a rigid shaft. The balloon can be capable of moving the shaft and/or the shaft can be capable of moving the balloon.

In some embodiments, the fluid reservoirs are in external communication. The balloon can include a plurality of balloons, each disposed in a separate heart chambers, and being in fluid communication with each other. In some embodiments, the fluid reservoirs are in internal communication. The fluid in the reservoir is gas, liquid or gel.

In some embodiments, the implant system includes sensoring nodes, transducers, or other diagnostic surveillance equipment that transmit information to an external receiving platform.

In some embodiments, the implant system includes a sensoring and control module and/or a communications unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The objects, features and advantages of the devices, systems, and methods described herein will be apparent from the following description of particular embodiments thereof, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the devices, systems, and methods described herein.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the vortex flow pattern of a healthy human heart.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the dysfunctional vortex flow pattern of a human heart with pathology.

FIG. 3 illustrates the system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the therapeutic apical base plate assembly in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 5 is top view of the therapeutic apical base plate assembly in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

FIGS. 6-7 are perspective views of the therapeutic apical base plate assembly in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 8 is perspective view in partial cutaway of the therapeutic apical base of FIGS. 6-7 in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 9 is a view in partial section of the multi-lumen tube in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 10 is a view of the control unit in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 10(A) is a view of the control unit in accordance with a further embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 11 illustrates the system of FIG. 3, with the balloon in a different orientation in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 12 illustrates the system of FIG. 3 installed in the human heart in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 13 illustrates a system accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of a portion of the system of FIG. 13 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 15 illustrates the system of FIG. 13 installed in the human heart in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One of the features of healthy heart function is proper physiological intracardiac flow. The atrioventricular pressure gradient is defined as the pressure difference (or a pressure differential) that produces or generates an energy and a force within the chambers of the heart that occurs naturally. As the pressure increases in the atrium and the pressure reduces in the ventricle, called the diastolic phase or diastole, blood flows from the higher pressure atrium into the lower pressure ventricle causing the valve leaflets to open and thus allowing the blood to pass through the valve orifice. During the systolic phase or systole, the pressure in the atrium is exceeded by the pressure in the ventricle thereby generating a pressure differential creating an energy and force which, in turn, pushes up and against the valve leaflets causing them to close and seal off the ventricle from the atrial chamber. The atrioventricular pressure gradient is the driving energy and force required to close the valve. During systolic ventricular contraction, the considerable forces of the atrioventricular pressure gradient are exerted on the closed atrial/ventricular valve. Very importantly, these forces are moved or transducted via the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles to and into the ventricular and septal walls. There is a resulting valvulo-ventricular wall interaction, which provides and enables the healthy ventricle to maintain structural integrity to maintain healthy the elliptical geometry, and provides functional support for blood ejection. During ventricular diastole, the ventricular pressure rapidly decreases. The valve opens and blood rushes from the atrium into the ventricle through the valve orifice. The valve leaflets function as a vector or steering mechanism, directing ventricular flow at an angle or vector to create vortical initial spin as illustrated in FIG. 1. Such angle or vector may be due to the asymmetry of the valve leaflets and/or to the different shapes and sizes of the leaflets. A vortex progression results. It is believed that the initial hemodynamic spin begins with inflowing blood, powered by the atrioventricular pressure gradient. On the ventricular side of the valve, the gradient pressure then engages that initial spin such that a vortex is created downstream. The resulting high velocity rotational flow, now a reservoir of kinetic energy within the ventricle is believed significant to proper blood flow velocity and volume through and out of the heart.

FIG. 2 illustrates that under certain conditions, such as a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in which the heart becomes enlarged, the vortex fails to properly form, the elliptical shape is compromised or lost, the papillary muscles displaced resulting in the ventricle being unable to pump blood efficiently. Such conditions are marked by poor velocity, disturbed flow patterns, and poor cardiac output in which vortices are abnormal or absent and geometric distortion is present creating ventricular dysfunction.

In accordance with the disclosed subject matter, a flow vectoring and vortical intracardiac velocity offsetting balloon is implanted in the ventricular space of the heart. It is connected to a tether or shaft anchored at the apex. In one embodiment, the flow vectoring and vortical intracardiac velocity offsetting balloon is a fluid-filled adjustable balloon. The balloon may be contoured to the ventricular shape and may have a concave, convex, or other shape and sit within the ventricle either alone or as a component on the tether or shaft. The balloon is configured, shaped, sized, and fixed in place to raise the either the concave distal end or rounded distal end of said balloon into closer proximity of the atrio-ventricular valvular orifice, specifically the valvular leaflets, and the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT) or Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) in order to facilitate, enhance, and/or restore ventricular vortex and/or vortical hemodynamic flow. By implanting the flow vectoring vortical intracardiac velocity offsetting balloon, the normal blood vortex flow pattern that is disrupted by pathology or defect and healthy ventricular geometry may be assisted, enhanced, and/or restored. The hemodynamic velocity of inflowing blood may be altered by increasing or decreasing the distance of the balloon to the inflow tract of blood coming from the atrium into the ventricle by raising or lowering the ‘member’ or balloon.

As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 11, the implant device 100 includes a flow vectoring vortical intracardiac velocity offsetting balloon or ‘offsetting balloon’ which may be a fluid filled balloon 110 connected to a single or multi-lumen transducting conduit or shaft 200 (or force transducting tether). Balloon 110 is illustrated in a first configuration. The transducting shaft 200 is designed to be fixed to the apex A of the heart H by a therapeutic apical base plate assembly 300. (Implantation of the device 100 in the heart H is illustrated herein below in FIGS. 12 and 15.) The transducting conduit or shaft 200 is connected to a single or multi-lumen tube 400 after exiting the apex A. A single or multi-lumen tube 400 is connected to a control unit 600. Control unit 600 adjusts the device performance via a fluid communicating system when connected to the single or multi-lumen tube 400.

In some embodiments, the balloon 110 is fabricated with or covered, encapsulated, or patched with a material that inhibits thrombosis and/or promotes endothelialization and/or embolic free blood flow, e.g., but not limited to ePTFE, Dacron, or other materials. The material may be easily detachable from the balloon 110. Balloon 110 includes a proximal portion 112 having a surface that is contoured to approximate the shape of the heart's ventricle and a distal portion 114 having a surface and may have a concave or recessed shape, including a raised rim portion 116. The central portion of distal portion 114 defines position HI while in the first configuration. Balloon 110 is purposefully configured, shaped, sized, and fixed in place to raise the distal end 114 into closer proximity of the atrio-ventricular valvular apparatus and the atrial outflow tract/ventricular inflow tract in order to facilitate, enhance, and/or restore ventricular vortex and/or vortical hemodynamic flow by either accelerating or decelerating the outflow velocity of blood by occupying ventricular volume and shortening or lengthening the distance from the ventricular outflow tract. Hemodynamic upturn is created by the pressure gradient's driving force and shape as blood impacts and flows out of or off of of the vortical intracardiac velocity adjusting balloon. For example, the location HI and the upturned portions 116 of distal portion 114 provide desirable flow characteristics, as discussed herein.

As illustrated in FIGS. 3-6, balloon 110 is secured to the apex A of the patient's heart by therapeutic apical base plate assembly 300 including the base plate 302 and a ball jointed portion 304. In some embodiments, round oval cutouts 306 are defined in the base plate 302 to allow fibrous tissue in-growth for long term security.

With reference to FIGS. 9-10, the control unit 600, which is implanted in the patient beneath the skin and capable of palpation by the surgeon, is provided to adjust the shape and size of the balloon 110. In some embodiments, control unit 600 is provided with three independent contained chambers 602, 604 and 606, each identifiable below the skin in some embodiments by palpable protrusions, one palpable protrusion for chamber one 602, two palpable protrusions for chamber two 604, and three palpable protrusions for chamber three 606. In another embodiment, control unit 600′ is illustrated in FIG. 10(A) and includes five independent chambers, three as above 602′, 604′ and 606′, with an additional two chambers 608′ and 610′ having a horizontal orientation and providing electrical, power source, and/or memory chambers to facilitate data acquisition from sensors within the balloon, the shaft, and or/the base plate. The control unit 600 is in fluid communication, via the tube 400 and shaft 200, with the balloon 110. As illustrated in FIG. 9, tube 400 includes a plurality of lumens 402, 404, and 406 in respective fluid communication with chambers 602, 604 and 606. As illustrated in FIG. 10, control unit 600 has a needle access pad of silicone and/or ePTFE, non-porous, or any semi-porous material, to allow fibrous tissue ingrowth (the body's method of preventing infection and facilitating hemostasis). In some embodiments, fluid is introduced to or removed from chambers 602, 604 and 606 to adjust the shape and/or location of balloon 110. In chamber 602, fluid is introduced or removed to increase or decrease the size of balloon 110 generally, and in particular the shape of the distal portion 114 for directing ventricular flow. With reference to FIGS. 3, the distal portion 114 defines a position HI with a relatively shallow concave depression when balloon 110 is in the first configuration. FIG. 11 illustrates balloon 110 in a second configuration, in which distal portion 114 defines a position H2 with a deep concave depression. Typically, the balloon 110 includes less fluid in the second configuration than in the first configuration. Other lumens may be used for hydraulic axial adjustment, communication of sensor data with the control unit, wiring, data storage, and power delivery, etc. The control unit 600 may contain power sources, sensoring control modules, the sensors themselves, and/or communications units.

As illustrated in FIG. 12, the proximal portion 112 of balloon 110 is contoured to the shape of the heart's ventricle VW, the distal portion 114 is concave and purposefully configured, shaped, sized, and fixed in place to raise the concave distal end 114 of balloon 110 into closer proximity of the atrio-ventricular valvular orifice AVVO, specifically the valvular leaflets VL, and the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract LVOT or Right Ventricular Outflow Tract RVOT in order to facilitate, enhance, and/or restore ventricular vortex and/or vortical hemodynamic flow by accelerating or decelerating the blood flow.

The distal concave end 114 of the balloon 110, closest to the valvular orifice AVVO and in the path of the LVOT or RVOT, receives the ventricular inflow blood, changing its velocity with surface contact in the distal concave shape 114, and proximity, in such a manner that the impact of said blood onto the distal end of the balloon 110 makes an upturn at rim portion 116, at the proper distance from the leaflet, by impacting the concave shape, and the native hemodynamic outflow force being sufficient to initiate the hemodynamic upturn required, thereby allowing the native atrioventricular pressure gradient to properly effect and impact the formation of proper ventricular vortex/vortices. The proximity of the distal end 114 of the balloon 110 to the valvular orifice AVVO and the LVOT or RVOT is spatial and such that the velocity may be changed by surface contact and/or proximity and the hemodynamic upturn may occur.

In some embodiments, the proximal end 112 of the balloon 110 is configured to aid and/or restore the proper healthy elliptical shape of the intracardiac ventricle and acts a ‘mold’ to assist in positive geometric remodeling of the ventricular free wall VW and has an outer surface 112 in firm contact with the endocardium. In some embodiments, the balloon is shape compliant to form to any shape within the atrium, the ventricle, or other existing spaces to include the apical endocardium or the left atrial appendage. In some embodiments, the balloon is asymmetric or symmetric.

In some embodiments, the implant system includes sensoring nodes, transducers, or other diagnostic surveillance equipment that transmit information to an external receiving platform.

FIGS. 13-15 illustrate another embodiment of the implant device 100′. Implant device 100′ is substantially identical to the device of implant device 100, with the difference noted herein. In particular, implant device 100′ includes balloon 110′ having a convex proximal portion 112′ which conforms to the ventricular wall. Balloon 110′ further defines a convex 3 distal portion 3 a 114′. Balloon 110′ purposefully configured, shaped, sized, and fixed in place to raise the convex distal end 114′ of balloon 110′ into closer proximity of the atrio-ventricular valvular orifice AVVO, specifically the valvular leaflets VL, and the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract LVOT or Right Ventricular Outflow Tract RVOT in order to acclerate or decelerate hemodynamic velocity and volume, facilitate, enhance, and/or restore ventricular vortex and/or vortical hemodynamic flow.

The balloon enhances, facilitates, and/or restores a diastolic vortex formation at a spatial point at which inflow velocity is changed and hemodynamic upturn is detected. The balloon provides a velocity change surface for diastolic blood inflow. The balloon provides a surface to change diastolic blood inflow vector. The balloon provides a distal diastolic vortex-facilitating surface.

In some embodiments, the balloon is adjustable in volume, size and shape at any time, to be constantly adjustable so that the distal diastolic vortex-facilitating surface may conform to patient specific anatomy and meet the specific individual need of each individual patient as hemodynamic flow conditions change or to assist in changing the flows.

The balloon facilitates vortical blood formation during diastole. The balloon reduces hemodynamic ventricular volume and/or changes ventricular velocity and eliminates stagnant or pooled blood mainly in the apical regions of the ventricle.

The adjustability of the balloon in volume, size and shape provides reduction of ventricular volume that conforms to patient-specific anatomy and meets the specific individual need of each individual patient.

The shaft/conduit acts to transduct or transfer native cardiac energy and force to the ventricular free wall via the therapeutic apical anchoring base plate.

The balloon acts to capture cardiac muscular and/or rotational and force and facilitates itself as a conduit for transfer of said energy and force to the therapeutic apical anchoring base plate via transduction utilizing the shaft it is connected to as the conduit.

The balloon acts to increase or decrease the ventricular volume, being an attached device or component within the ventricle, as it inflates or deflates.

The balloon acts to assist ventricular systole or diastole, being an attached device or component within the ventricle powered either by the native heart or an internal or external power source and/or sources as it inflates or deflates.

The balloon acts to assist ventricular systole or diastole, being in fluid contact with the another balloon in different chamber of the heart using the pressure differential as a driving force or power source as it inflates or deflates.

The balloon configuration can include a “balloon within a balloon,” which can be adjusted by changing the volume of the reservoir to move the shaft axially or longitudinally (up & down) in extension or retraction inside a human heart.

The shape of the balloon (concave and/or another shape) can change hemodynamic velocity with contact, vector hemodynamic upturn, and engage the burst of pressure native to the atrioventricular pressure gradient to facilitate, enhance, and/or restore vortex, vortical flow, and/or ventricular flow in a ventricle in a human heart.

The balloon on a shaft/conduit can be moved and/or fixed, spatially near a native or prosthetic structure, component, or the native ventricular outflow tract in, above, or below a valve orifice, to effect the velocity, vector, and/or hemodynamic upturn of flow off of the native or prosthetic valve leaflets to effect, enhance, and/or restore or repair vortex, vortical flow, and/or ventricular flow.

In some embodiments, the therapeutic apical base plate includes a ball-joint and can be implanted at a bias to move a structure, component, or device in, above, or below a valve orifice or between valve leaflet to effect, change, and/or repair native vortex and/or vortical and/or ventricular flow as deployed to assist a native or prosthetic structure, a native or prosthetic component, or prosthetic device.

It will be appreciated that the methods and systems described above are set forth by way of example and not of limitation. Numerous variations, additions, omissions, and other modifications will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, while particular embodiments have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure and are intended to form a part of the disclosure as defined by the following claims, which are to be interpreted in the broadest sense allowable by law. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An implant system for restoring and improving physiological intracardiac flow in a human heart comprising: an expandable balloon defining a fluid reservoir configured for placement in a chamber of the human heart; a therapeutic apical base plate assembly configured for attachment to the apex of the heart; and a tether assembly connected between the implant and the therapeutic apical base plate assembly; and a control unit to adjust the volume of the fluid reservoir.
 2. The implant system of claim 1, wherein the balloon is adjustable axially and latitudinally via attachment to the shaft.
 3. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the distal portion of the balloon defines a concave shape.
 4. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the distal portion of the balloon defines a convex shape.
 5. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon comprises a balloon within a balloon.
 6. The implant system of claim 5, wherein the fluid reservoirs are in external communication.
 7. The implant system of claim 5, wherein the balloons comprise a plurality of balloons, each disposed in a separate heart chamber, and being in fluid communication with each other.
 8. The implant system of claim 7, wherein the fluid reservoirs are in internal communication.
 9. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tether comprises a semi-rigid or rigid shaft.
 10. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon is capable of moving the shaft.
 11. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaft is capable of moving the balloon.
 12. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon volume and/or reservoir volume is adjustable.
 13. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon shape restores intra-ventricular elliptical shape of a ventricle.
 14. The implant system any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir defines a volume and comprises an outer surface configured to firmly contact the endocardium in any chamber.
 15. The implant system any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon restores and/or recreates an intra-ventricular shape, and geometry, and restores proper volume.
 16. The implant system any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon surface is compliant to conform to the chamber of the heart.
 17. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fluid in the reservoir is gas, liquid or gel.
 18. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon comprises an outer material to promote endothelization and minimize thrombogenicity.
 19. The implant system of claim 18, wherein the outer material is detachable from the balloon.
 20. The implant system of claim 19, wherein the detachable material permanently remains in the cardiac space.
 21. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir is shape-compliant to form to any shape within the atrium, the ventricle, or other existing spaces to include the apical endocardium or the left atrial appendage.
 22. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon is asymmetric or symmetric.
 23. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising sensors, sensor nodes, transducers, or other diagnostic surveillance equipment that transmit information to an external receiving platform.
 24. The implant system any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a sensor control module and/or a communications unit external to the intracardiac implant.
 25. The implant system of claim 23, wherein the sensors, sensor nodes, transducers, or other diagnostic surveillance equipment are positioned within the balloon, the tether assembly, the apical base plate assembly, and the control module and/or communications unit.
 26. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein volume displacement of the balloon aids in the cardiac flow patterns, alters the chamber filling, aids the outflow tracts, and aids the pumping and/or exit of blood.
 27. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon is fluidly connected to a control unit through rapid filling and deflating produces a percussion, a ‘fist pace’, and/or a “thump” to physically pace the cardiac rhythm.
 28. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon is connected to an internal or external power source.
 29. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon is connected to one or more chambers of the heart.
 30. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir has an external side exposed to blood to aid and restore natural cardiac flow.
 31. The implant system of claim 30, wherein the exposed shape of the reservoir is convex or concave as controlled through the shaft adjustment and balloon reservoir volume.
 32. The implant system of claim 30, wherein the exposed shape of the reservoir is configured to induce or assist vortical formation and/or flow.
 33. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon delivers fluidic pulses, signals, or therapies directly into the heart or its structures.
 34. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon delivers fluidic pulses, signals, or therapies directly into the heart or its structures by ultrasonic transmissions or waves.
 35. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon defines external nodes, tines, or protrusions for positioning in intra-chordal locations, intra-papillary locations, or into the endocardium to anchor and/or seat the balloon.
 36. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon is configured to act as a conduit for changing the velocity for outflow blood by raising the distance from the native apex to an adjustable distance to facilitate, enhance, and/or restore natural vortex formation and facilitate, enhance, and/or restore healthy physiologic blood flow patterns.
 37. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir displaces a volume in a chamber of the heart.
 38. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon may be added to other configurations within the system thus creating an additional feature on another device.
 39. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ball joint has a compression method of holding the shaft or tether longitudinal position.
 40. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit may be connected to an internal or external power source.
 41. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit is capable of transferring the data from the sensors to reader through and or above the skin.
 42. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensors include heart beat, blood pressure, cardiac rhythm, blood glucose.
 43. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit has an area for needle access to add or remove fluid from the balloon reservoir.
 44. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir while positioned in the apex can have the volume adjusted to change the blood flow patterns in the heart post operatively.
 45. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir has a section configured to contact the blood and a section that is configured to contact the endocardium.
 46. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall thickness of the balloon reservoir is thicker on the section that is primarily in contact with the endocardium and thinner on the section mainly in contact with the blood.
 47. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir includes spring or tines in the walls to spread the balloon reservoir out on the endocardium side.
 48. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit includes features to palpate it through the skin.
 49. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit includes one or more chambers.
 50. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir collects the pressure from the cardiac cycle and supplies that energy to the control unit.
 51. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir collects the pressure from the cardiac cycle and uses that energy to power the sensors in the device.
 52. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir has a volume to partially or fully fill the volume of the ventricle increased by ventricular dilation.
 53. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir occludes the atrial appendage.
 54. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir is designed to reduce volume in a heart chamber temporarily.
 55. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir combined with the shaft or tether, baseplate and control unit makes up a ventricular therapeutic device.
 56. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the baseplate contains a ball joint that allows the shaft or tether to be angled relative to the base plate structure.
 57. The implant system of claim 56, wherein the shaft extends through the ball joint.
 58. The implant system of claim 56, wherein the ball joint is captive in the baseplate.
 59. The implant system of claim 56, wherein the ball joint in held in the base plate by snap ring, retaining screw, safety wire threaded boss, suture and or press fit.
 60. The implant system of claim 56, wherein the ball joint has a shaft retention feature.
 61. The implant system of claim 60, wherein the feature can be a compression lock on the shaft that can be activated by snap ring, retaining screw, safety wire threaded boss, locking cap, suture and or snap cap.
 62. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base plate has a surface area to distribute forces transferred from the tether.
 63. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the balloon reservoir and implant is made of a biocompatible material.
 64. The implant system of any one of the preceding claims, tether or shaft may have a distal member or attachment situated partially in the atrium and partially in the ventricle. 